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The Camera ISP core is a critical component for producing high-resolution images with exceptional clarity. Utilizing sophisticated algorithms, this ISP core efficiently manages image signal processing with minimal logic requirements. Although it deploys intricate algorithms, the core is designed to be resource-efficient, available in Verilog source or as an FPGA netlist, complete with documentation and test benches for development. It features support for RGB Bayer and monochrome sensors, accommodating image data from 8 to 14 bits in depth and handling image resolutions ranging up to 8192x8192 pixels.
The HDR Core from ASICFPGA addresses the frequent issue of capturing images with a high dynamic range that surpasses the sensor’s capabilities. By acquiring multiple exposures at different levels, this core synthesizes them into a single image that adequately preserves details across various lighting conditions. Incorporating advanced motion detection and compensation algorithms, it minimizes ghosting and compresses the high dynamic range to fit within the display device's capabilities through a unique tone mapping procedure.
WDR core technology autonomously processes images to rebalance the dynamic range without the requirement for frame memory. This feature corrects shadow, highlight, and backlight issues by analyzing scene content, ensuring that even detail in the darkest and brightest areas retains local contrast and true color. Conventional methods, often manual, threaten image quality, creating unnatural results. The WDR approach is pivotal for achieving a balanced image in varying light conditions, enhancing display accuracy in underexposed or overexposed environments.
The Defect Correction Core effectively remediates pixel defects arising during the semiconductor manufacturing process, which often manifest as visible spots in digital images. Utilizing an edge-adaptive method with multi-line memory integration, it corrects flaws without diminishing image resolution, unlike traditional buffer line techniques that struggle with edge pixel issues. This ensures seamless, artifact-free image output and enhances overall image fidelity.
The Color Correction Core addresses the mismatch between the color data produced by digital cameras and the true spectral response intended for human perception. Using a 3x3 color transformation matrix, automatically calculated by proprietary software against a reference color checker, this core adjusts the RGB output to more accurately reflect natural perceptions and correct lens spectral discrepancies. This approach negates the manual tuning often required in color correction processes, delivering consistent, reliable results.
ASICFPGA’s Auto Exposure Core enhances dynamic range and controls brightness by leveraging histogram data. This improvement over previous versions involves subdividing the image into 17 x 15 windows, capturing detailed R, Gr, Gb, and B histograms for comprehensive exposure management. By adjusting the sensor gain and shutter through a connected microcontroller, the core achieves refined brightness control.
Designed to increase clarity in digital images, the Edge Enhancement Core restores sharpness lost during low-pass filtering processes by emphasizing edge contrast. Featuring adaptive noise filtering, this core uniquely enhances image detail while keeping unwanted noise amplification at bay. Leveraging a noise estimator, it fine-tunes enhancements based on detected noise levels, thereby preserving essential edge details without introducing artifacts common in basic sharpening approaches.
Optimizing white balance through calculated RGB adjustments, the Auto White Balance Core employs a grid of 128 x 96 windows to pinpoint color imbalances. Utilizing these dimensions, it leverages color temperature detection to refine color accuracy far beyond the capacity of standard algorithms. Capable of providing precise values across the RGB spectrum, this core significantly enhances performance compared to traditional methodologies.
The Demosaicing Core is tasked with reconstructing color information for images captured with a sensor that uses a Bayer filter array. This core enhances the quality of interpolated images by minimizing common errors such as false color and zipper effects, utilizing high-precision interpolation methods. Beyond basic linear interpolation techniques, it adopts more advanced algorithms capable of producing higher-quality images without the artifacts typically generated by simpler methods. Such improvements ensure that the demosaiced output maintains high resolution and visual accuracy.
The Shading Correction Core enhances image uniformity by adjusting for brightness variations caused by lens effects, where the image center is naturally brighter than its periphery. Utilizing a bidirectional quadratic shading function, it recalibrates image brightness to ensure visual consistency across all areas. Supplied with software to generate the necessary coefficients, it makes implementation seamless and effective, ensuring high-quality image outputs even under varied lighting conditions.
The 2D+3D Noise Reduction Core is specifically developed to address noise in camera systems, ensuring that images retain sharp edges despite reductions in color and luminance noise. Particularly under low-light conditions, it employs a combination of advanced motion-adaptive temporal filtering and spatial noise filtering, enhancing noise removal efficiency while preserving image detail. Its design supports both the Bayer domain and the YUV/RGB domains and can handle resolutions up to 2160p at 60fps, without imposing restrictions on horizontal pixel dimensions, although DRAM size might impose practical limits.
The upgraded 2D Noise Reduction Core from ASICFPGA excels at enhancing image quality by effectively suppressing color and luminance noise without compromising edge sharpness. The new core's algorithm outperforms its predecessors in both logic efficiency and noise reduction capability, even amidst elevated noise levels. Capable of operation across Bayer, YUV, and RGB domains, the core's design accommodates adjustments to logic size and performance, ensuring it meets varying demands.
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